Early infectious complications after peripheral blood stem cell autografts in children.

Seventeen children underwent marrow-ablative high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell autografts and were studied retrospectively to determine the type, frequency, and outcomes associated with infectious complications 3 months postgraft. The patients were kept in isolated rooms with a laminar air flow facility, but no decontamination procedures, such as gut sterilization with nonabsorbable antibiotics, nonmicrobial diet, and skin cleansing, were used. They were under their mothers' daily care to maintain good psychological conditions. After the completion of marrow-ablative chemotherapy and the infusion of stem cells, the absolute granulocyte count exceeded 0.5 x 10(9)/liter with a mean of 17.9 days (range 6-65 days). Fifteen patients developed a total of 16 febrile episodes during the first 4 week period, and the confirmed diagnoses were mucositis (12), enterocolitis (nine), septicemia (four), central venous catheter-associated infection (three), pneumonia (one), perianal abscess (one), and possible invasive fungal infection (one). All episodes were successfully treated with parenteral antibiotic therapy, and no patient died of infectious complications. The observations suggest that high-dose chemotherapy can be performed safely with simple and efficient patient management protocol followed by peripheral blood stem cell autografts.