Novel antiretroviral agents in HIV therapy.

There are many promising new agents in development for the treatment of HIV type 1 (HIV-1). The targets of antiretroviral drugs include the three major HIV-1 enzymes (reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase), final packaging and export of mature virions, and entry mediated by the CD4 receptor and the CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors. Drugs in development in existing classes are primarily designed to provide new options for those with resistance to existing agents. Novel agents such as those targeting integrase, entry inhibitors, and those targeting viral processing likely will be useful the treatment of antiretroviral-experienced patients. Depending on safety, efficacy, tolerability, and convenience of dosing, new agents may also alter the current treatment paradigms for first-line therapy. This review summarizes data on several drugs that could move forward into the clinical arena and affect the lives of those infected with HIV-1.