BACKGROUND: Researchers have used the concept of brain reserve to explain the dissociation between pathological brain damage and cognitive and functional performance. A variety of brain reserve hypotheses exist, and different empirical strategies have been employed to investigate these variants. OBJECTIVE: The study investigates (i) the relationship between measures of brain burden (atrophy, white matter hyperintensities (WMH)) and measures of reserve (education, creativity, and intelligence); (ii) the relationship between cognitive decline and reserve; (iii) whether measures of reserve mediate the effect of atrophy on estimated cognitive change, and (iv) the association between brain risk factors, education and atrophy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a sample of 446 individuals 60-64 years of age who underwent MRI scans as part of a large epidemiological study. Measures were taken of education, intelligence, creativity, cognitive speed, brain volume, WMH, estimated cognitive decline from earlier in life and brain atrophy. RESULTS: No association was found between estimated cognitive decline and brain burden (atrophy, WMH). Risk factors for brain insult were not associated with greater brain atrophy in the less well educated. Neither education, nor any other measure including intelligence or creativity, provided a buffer for cognitive decline in individuals with high levels of brain atrophy. CONCLUSION: Little support was found for the brain reserve hypothesis. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.
BACKGROUND: Researchers have used the concept of brain reserve to explain the dissociation between pathological brain damage and cognitive and functional performance. A variety of brain reserve hypotheses exist, and different empirical strategies have been employed to investigate these variants. OBJECTIVE: The study investigates (i) the relationship between measures of brain burden (atrophy, white matter hyperintensities (WMH)) and measures of reserve (education, creativity, and intelligence); (ii) the relationship between cognitive decline and reserve; (iii) whether measures of reserve mediate the effect of atrophy on estimated cognitive change, and (iv) the association between brain risk factors, education and atrophy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a sample of 446 individuals 60-64 years of age who underwent MRI scans as part of a large epidemiological study. Measures were taken of education, intelligence, creativity, cognitive speed, brain volume, WMH, estimated cognitive decline from earlier in life and brain atrophy. RESULTS: No association was found between estimated cognitive decline and brain burden (atrophy, WMH). Risk factors for brain insult were not associated with greater brain atrophy in the less well educated. Neither education, nor any other measure including intelligence or creativity, provided a buffer for cognitive decline in individuals with high levels of brain atrophy. CONCLUSION: Little support was found for the brain reserve hypothesis. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Authors: Naftali Raz; Paolo Ghisletta; Karen M Rodrigue; Kristen M Kennedy; Ulman Lindenberger Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2010-03-16 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Xue Hua; Derrek P Hibar; Suh Lee; Arthur W Toga; Clifford R Jack; Michael W Weiner; Paul M Thompson Journal: Neurobiol Aging Date: 2010-08 Impact factor: 4.673
Authors: Andrea M Piccinin; Graciela Muniz-Terrera; Sean Clouston; Chandra A Reynolds; Valgeir Thorvaldsson; Ian J Deary; Dorly J H Deeg; Boo Johansson; Andrew Mackinnon; Avron Spiro; John M Starr; Ingmar Skoog; Scott M Hofer Journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Date: 2012-10-02 Impact factor: 4.077
Authors: Jessica M Foley; Mark L Ettenhofer; Michelle S Kim; Nina Behdin; Steven A Castellon; Charles H Hinkin Journal: Appl Neuropsychol Adult Date: 2012 Impact factor: 2.248
Authors: Markus D Schirmer; Mark R Etherton Md PhD; Adrian V Dalca PhD; Anne-Katrin Giese Md; Lisa Cloonan MSc; Ona Wu PhD; Polina Golland PhD; Natalia S Rost Md Mph Faan Journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis Date: 2018-09-28 Impact factor: 2.136
Authors: Jagan A Pillai; Linda K McEvoy; Donald J Hagler; Dominic Holland; Anders M Dale; David P Salmon; Douglas Galasko; Christine Fennema-Notestine Journal: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol Date: 2012-08-21 Impact factor: 2.475
Authors: Eero Vuoksimaa; Matthew S Panizzon; Chi-Hua Chen; Lisa T Eyler; Christine Fennema-Notestine; Mark Joseph A Fiecas; Bruce Fischl; Carol E Franz; Michael D Grant; Amy J Jak; Michael J Lyons; Michael C Neale; Wesley K Thompson; Ming T Tsuang; Hong Xian; Anders M Dale; William S Kremen Journal: Neuropsychologia Date: 2013-03-13 Impact factor: 3.139
Authors: Brian A Gordon; Elena I Rykhlevskaia; Carrie R Brumback; Yukyung Lee; Steriani Elavsky; James F Konopack; Edward McAuley; Arthur F Kramer; Stanley Colcombe; Gabriele Gratton; Monica Fabiani Journal: Psychophysiology Date: 2008-07-04 Impact factor: 4.016