Training residents in endovascular neurosurgery.

Neurosurgeons have a long history of treating cerebrovascular disease. Understanding the vascular anatomy and physiology of the nervous system and management of patients with abnormalities of theses vascular structures are vitally important aspects of neurosurgery resident training. Over the past decade, the treatment of cerebrovascular disease has been evolving toward endovascular strategies for many patients. Interventional neuroradiologists were the pioneers in developing this area of therapy, but the number of neurosurgical trainees in neuroendovascular treatment is increasing, and other specialties, including neurology, vascular surgery, and cardiology, are now entering the field of neuroendovascular treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the current credentialing guidelines for neurosurgeons to use endovascular techniques in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease and to consider options for resident training in the rapidly evolving field of endovascular neurosurgery.