AmpliChip CYP450 GeneChip: a new gene chip that allows rapid and accurate CYP2D6 genotyping.

Methods for Cytochrome P450-2D6 (CYP2D6) genotyping are often time-consuming and laborious, which can restrict their use in pretherapeutic screening programs. Gene chip technology could overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate CYP2D6 genotyping by a new improved gene chip compared to a PCR-RFLP method. AmpliChip CYP450 GeneChip(R) (AmpliChip) is a microarray hybridization method for genotyping CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. One hundred fifty-nine DNA samples were genotyped both by AmpliChip as well as by PCR-RFLP and, where applicable, by a SNaPshot technique which detects single nucleotide polymorphisms based on the single base extension principle. In 152 of the 159 samples, CYP2D6 genotypes determined with the AmpliChip were in accordance with the results of PCR-RFLP. All seven discrepant samples had gene duplications and were subjected to SNaPshot analysis. SNaPshot results concurred with those of the AmpliChip for six out of seven samples. In the one divergent result, DNA sequencing confirmed that the AmpliChip had assigned the correct genotype. In conclusion, AmpliChip is a highly reliable method for CYP2D6 genotyping that allows the correct determination of all relevant CYP2D6 alleles in one single run. It therefore represents a very efficient and fast method, offering new perspectives for the application of pharmacogenetics in clinical medicine.