Viral gastroenteritis.

A large number of viruses can be found in the human intestine. Some (bacteriophages) infect the bacteria present as normal flora and others use the gut as a portal of entry. This review examines the virology, pathogenesis, immunology, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and prevention of the viral enteropathogens. Rotavirus is undoubtedly the most important, causing an estimated 800,000 deaths each year, especially in developing countries. Recently, an oral live quadrivalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine has been licensed for use in the USA. It has great potential but there are a number of hurdles to be overcome before it can be given to infants in developing countries. Molecular techniques are revolutionizing our understanding of rotavirus pathogenesis, and the tremendous diversity of Caliciviridae and Astroviridae, as well as producing new diagnostic techniques and vaccines.