OBJECTIVES: To compare levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha while applying continuous and heavy interrupted forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hybrid retractor was used in the first group. In the second group, rapid canine distalization through periodontal distraction was performed. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the distal sides of the canine teeth before attaching the appliances and at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week after the force was applied. RESULTS: In the hybrid reactor group, concentration of TNF-alpha decreased at 1 week according to 24-hour measurements. In the rapid canine distalization group, it severely increased at 1 hour. In the evaluation of between-group differences, significantly higher values were determined in the rapid canine distalization group at 1 hour and 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy interrupted force induces a rapid release of TNF-alpha, and the tissue response continues for a longer time period. To avoid the harmful effects of heavy interrupted force, there might be feedback mechanisms that prevent the mediators from increasing excessively.
OBJECTIVES: To compare levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha while applying continuous and heavy interrupted forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hybrid retractor was used in the first group. In the second group, rapid canine distalization through periodontal distraction was performed. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the distal sides of the canine teeth before attaching the appliances and at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week after the force was applied. RESULTS: In the hybrid reactor group, concentration of TNF-alpha decreased at 1 week according to 24-hour measurements. In the rapid canine distalization group, it severely increased at 1 hour. In the evaluation of between-group differences, significantly higher values were determined in the rapid canine distalization group at 1 hour and 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy interrupted force induces a rapid release of TNF-alpha, and the tissue response continues for a longer time period. To avoid the harmful effects of heavy interrupted force, there might be feedback mechanisms that prevent the mediators from increasing excessively.