BACKGROUND: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is unusual in the general population aged <60 years. Various reports indicate a much higher incidence of monoclonal gammopathy among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and a significantly younger age at diagnosis. We sought to describe the laboratory findings and clinical course of MGUS, including association with plasma cell disorders, other malignancies, and infections, in 25 HIV-infected patients with a detectable serum monoclonal protein. METHODS: We reviewed the patients' demographic characteristics, stage of HIV infection, and clinical course. Laboratory studies included determination of CD4(+) T lymphocyte cell counts, HIV type 1 loads, and quantitative immunoglobulin levels; serum and urine protein immunoelectrophoresis; and determination of serum viscosity indices. Skeletal surveys and bone marrow biopsies were performed in selected cases. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 25 patients were male, and the median age of patients was 50 years (range, 21-69 years). The median CD4(+) T lymphocyte count was 350 cells/ microL (range, 40-1029 cells/ microL; mean, 355 cells/ microL), and the median HIV load was <75 copies/mL (range, <50 to 100,000 copies/mL; mean, 20,800 copies/mL). Thirteen of 25 patients had HIV viremia, despite receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). After a mean follow-up duration of 21 months, 7 patients (28%) received a diagnosis of a malignancy (multiple myeloma, in 1 patient; non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in 1; Hodgkin lymphoma, in 1; Kaposi sarcoma, in 2; and plasmacytoma, in 2). Ten patients were coinfected with hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus; 6 were anemic. No patients developed renal failure or hypercalcemia. Nine (56%) of 19 evaluable patients had a decrease of serum monoclonal protein (mean, 0.5 g/dL) while receiving HAART. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in our study were characterized by the detection of a monoclonal protein at a younger age and the increased presence of other viral infections (infection with hepatitis B or C virus or Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus) than is typically seen in an HIV-uninfected cohort. CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts were relatively robust. HAART appeared to have a favorable impact on the serum monoclonal protein level in 9 patients. Long-term follow-up is needed to better define the natural history of MGUS and the link to other possible contributing factors.
BACKGROUND:Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is unusual in the general population aged <60 years. Various reports indicate a much higher incidence of monoclonal gammopathy among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infectedpatients and a significantly younger age at diagnosis. We sought to describe the laboratory findings and clinical course of MGUS, including association with plasma cell disorders, other malignancies, and infections, in 25 HIV-infectedpatients with a detectable serum monoclonal protein. METHODS: We reviewed the patients' demographic characteristics, stage of HIV infection, and clinical course. Laboratory studies included determination of CD4(+) T lymphocyte cell counts, HIV type 1 loads, and quantitative immunoglobulin levels; serum and urine protein immunoelectrophoresis; and determination of serum viscosity indices. Skeletal surveys and bone marrow biopsies were performed in selected cases. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 25 patients were male, and the median age of patients was 50 years (range, 21-69 years). The median CD4(+) T lymphocyte count was 350 cells/ microL (range, 40-1029 cells/ microL; mean, 355 cells/ microL), and the median HIV load was <75 copies/mL (range, <50 to 100,000 copies/mL; mean, 20,800 copies/mL). Thirteen of 25 patients had HIV viremia, despite receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). After a mean follow-up duration of 21 months, 7 patients (28%) received a diagnosis of a malignancy (multiple myeloma, in 1 patient; non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in 1; Hodgkin lymphoma, in 1; Kaposi sarcoma, in 2; and plasmacytoma, in 2). Ten patients were coinfected with hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus; 6 were anemic. No patients developed renal failure or hypercalcemia. Nine (56%) of 19 evaluable patients had a decrease of serum monoclonal protein (mean, 0.5 g/dL) while receiving HAART. CONCLUSIONS:Patients in our study were characterized by the detection of a monoclonal protein at a younger age and the increased presence of other viral infections (infection with hepatitis B or C virus or Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus) than is typically seen in an HIV-uninfected cohort. CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts were relatively robust. HAART appeared to have a favorable impact on the serum monoclonal protein level in 9 patients. Long-term follow-up is needed to better define the natural history of MGUS and the link to other possible contributing factors.
Authors: Jairo M Montezuma-Rusca; Susan Moir; Lela Kardava; Clarisa M Buckner; Aaron Louie; Leo J Y Kim; Brian H Santich; Wei Wang; Olivia R Fankuchen; Gabriella Diaz; Janine R Daub; Sergio D Rosenzweig; Tae-Wook Chun; Yuxing Li; Raul C Braylan; Katherine R Calvo; Anthony S Fauci Journal: J Immunol Date: 2015-02-13 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Sigurdur Y Kristinsson; Min Tang; Ruth M Pfeiffer; Magnus Björkholm; Lynn R Goldin; Cecilie Blimark; Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist; Anders Wahlin; Ingemar Turesson; Ola Landgren Journal: Haematologica Date: 2011-12-16 Impact factor: 9.941
Authors: Erin Jou; Oleg Gligich; Alvita C Y Chan; Diwakar Mohan; Uriel R Felsen; Sabarish Ayyappan; Henny H Billett; Edwin P Hui; Anthony T C Chan; Radha Raghupathy Journal: Ann Hematol Date: 2016-01-09 Impact factor: 3.673
Authors: Ola Landgren; James J Goedert; Charles S Rabkin; Wyndham H Wilson; Kieron Dunleavy; Robert A Kyle; Jerry A Katzmann; S Vincent Rajkumar; Eric A Engels Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2010-01-04 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Liviu Feller; Jason White; Neil H Wood; Michael Bouckaert; Johan Lemmer; Erich J Raubenheimer Journal: Head Face Med Date: 2009-01-20 Impact factor: 2.151