Scott Kollins1, Laurence Greenhill2, James Swanson2, Sharon Wigal2, Howard Abikoff2, James McCRACKEN2, Mark Riddle2, James McGOUGH2, Benedetto Vitiello2, Tim Wigal2, Anne Skrobala2, Kelly Posner2, Jaswinder Ghuman2, Mark Davies2, Charles Cunningham2, Audrey Bauzo2. 1. Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Abikoff is with the New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Ms. Bauzo is with the Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY.. Electronic address: kolli001@mc.duke.edu. 2. Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Abikoff is with the New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Ms. Bauzo is with the Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the rationale and design of the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS). METHOD: PATS was a National Institutes of Mental Health-funded, multicenter, randomized, efficacy trial designed to evaluate the short-term (5 weeks) efficacy and long-term (40 weeks) safety of methylphenidate (MPH) in preschoolers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Three hundred three subjects ages 3 to 5.5 years old who met criteria for a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD entered the trial. Subjects participated in an 8-phase, 70-week trial that included screening, parent training, baseline, open-label safety lead-in, double-blind crossover titration, double-blind parallel efficacy, open-label maintenance, and double-blind discontinuation. Medication response was assessed during the crossover titration phase using a combination of parent and teacher ratings. Special ethical considerations throughout the trial warranted a number of design changes. RESULTS: This report describes the design of this trial, the rationale for reevaluation and modification of the design, and the methods used to conduct the trial. CONCLUSIONS: The PATS adds to a limited literature and improves our understanding of the safety and efficacy of MPH in the treatment of preschoolers with ADHD, but changes in the design and problems in implementation of this study impose some specific limitations that need to be addressed in future studies.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To describe the rationale and design of the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS). METHOD: PATS was a National Institutes of Mental Health-funded, multicenter, randomized, efficacy trial designed to evaluate the short-term (5 weeks) efficacy and long-term (40 weeks) safety of methylphenidate (MPH) in preschoolers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Three hundred three subjects ages 3 to 5.5 years old who met criteria for a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD entered the trial. Subjects participated in an 8-phase, 70-week trial that included screening, parent training, baseline, open-label safety lead-in, double-blind crossover titration, double-blind parallel efficacy, open-label maintenance, and double-blind discontinuation. Medication response was assessed during the crossover titration phase using a combination of parent and teacher ratings. Special ethical considerations throughout the trial warranted a number of design changes. RESULTS: This report describes the design of this trial, the rationale for reevaluation and modification of the design, and the methods used to conduct the trial. CONCLUSIONS: The PATS adds to a limited literature and improves our understanding of the safety and efficacy of MPH in the treatment of preschoolers with ADHD, but changes in the design and problems in implementation of this study impose some specific limitations that need to be addressed in future studies.
Authors: Robert L Findling; L Eugene Arnold; Laurence L Greenhill; Christopher J Kratochvil; James J McGough Journal: Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry Date: 2008
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