Increased eIF-2 alpha expression in mitogen-activated primary T lymphocytes.

G0 human T cells synthesize protein at low rates and contain very low levels of eIF-2 alpha mRNA. eIF-2 alpha plays a pivotal role in the earliest regulated steps of translation initiation. We examined eIF-2 alpha gene expression in normal human T cells stimulated with PHA. Nuclear run-on assays indicate low rates of eIF-2 alpha gene transcription in G0 cells and these change 2-fold with PHA treatment. Actinomycin D chase experiments show that the t1/2 of eIF-2 alpha mRNA is similar in G0 and PHA-treated T cells. Analysis of nuclear RNA with probes specific for eIF-2 alpha intron sequences shows that increased eIF-2 alpha expression after PHA treatment is largely due to intranuclear stabilization of the primary transcript. The increase in eIF-2 alpha mRNA does not require new protein synthesis. Hence, expression of this gene appears to be a part of the primary response program of T cells when they are exposed to mitogen.