Ethical issues associated with the assessment of exaggeration, poor effort, and malingering.

The use of effort tests is standard practice in forensic neuropsychology. There is a tremendous amount of good information available in test manuals and the research literature regarding the proper and responsible use of these tests. However, it is clear that there are numerous ethical issues and considerations associated with the assessment of exaggeration, poor effort, and malingering. Many of these issues are discussed, and recommendations are provided.