Increase of the catalytic activity of phospholipase C-gamma 1 by tyrosine phosphorylation.

Phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1), an isozyme of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C family, which occupies a central role in hormonal signal transduction pathways, is an excellent substrate for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase. Epidermal growth factor elicits tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in various cell lines. The ability of tyrosine phosphorylation to activate the catalytic activity of PLC-gamma 1 was tested. Tyrosine phosphorylation in intact cells or in vitro increased the catalytic activity of PLC-gamma 1. Also, treatment of EGF-activated PLC-gamma 1 with a tyrosine-specific phosphatase substantially decreased the catalytic activity of PLC-gamma 1. These results suggest that the EGF-stimulated formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol in intact cells results, at least in part, from catalytic activation of PLC-gamma 1 through tyrosine phosphorylation.