Luminal fillers in nerve conduits for peripheral nerve repair.

The use of nerve conduits as an alternative for nerve grafting has a long experimental and clinical history. Luminal fillers, factors introduced into these nerve conduits, were later developed to enhance the nerve regeneration through conduits. Though many luminal fillers have been reported to improve nerve regeneration, their use has not been subjected to systematic review. This review categorizes the types of fillers used, the conduits associated with fillers, and the reported performance of luminal fillers in conduits to present a preference list for the most effective fillers to use over specific distances of nerve defect.