The molecular basis of erectile dysfunction: from bench to bedside.

Erectile dysfunction is a common problem affecting many men across all age groups. Its etiology is multifactorial. Hormonal, vascular, neurogenic, lifestyle, and psychological entities have all been implicated as causative agents. The molecular basis underlying its etiology and progression is complex and still challenges researchers in the field. Nonetheless, newly discovered common pathways and targets of its pathogenesis have opened a new era for both prevention and active treatment of the disease. This review describes some of the known molecular mechanisms contributing to erectile dysfunction and discusses the future of gene therapy for the disease.