Analysis of the c-Ha-ras-1 gene for deletion, mutation, amplification and expression in lymph node metastases of human head and neck carcinomas.

The c-Ha-ras gene was analysed by Southern blot hybridisation in 67 specimens of lymph node metastases and in 25 specimens of primary tumours obtained from 85 untreated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The loss of one c-Ha-ras allele was observed in 10/46 (22%) tumours from heterozygous patients for this locus. Different genes, located as the c-Ha-ras gene on the short arm of chromosome 11, were also found to be deleted suggesting that the deletion of other genes could play a role in aggressiveness of head and neck carcinomas. Using polymerase chain reaction, mutation at codon 12 was detected in only 2/54 (3.8%) tumours but no mutation involving codon 61 was found. Neither gene amplification nor gene rearrangement could be observed. Total RNA was prepared from 79 of these tumour specimens and analysed by Northern and slot blot hybridisation. A 1.2 kb c-Ha-ras transcript band was detected in all the RNA preparations. Relatively high c-Ha-ras transcript levels were found in 18% of lymph node metastases and in 21% of primary tumours, indicating no significant differences between these cancers. Moreover, the c-Ha-ras mRNA levels were not significantly greater in the primary tumours than in the normal mucosae in 10/12 cases for which both tissues were analysed. These data indicate that c-Ha-ras gene does not seem to be strongly involved in head and neck carcinomas at that advanced stage of the disease, as this was previously reported for earlier clinical stages.