Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy.

Intranasal approaches to the correction of lacrimal outflow obstruction initially were described more than 100 years ago, but they have gained renewed popularity with the recent development of the field of endoscopic sinus surgery. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) surgery may be considered in many patients who have lacrimal outflow obstruction. It may be particularly advantageous in patients who have concomitant sinonasal disease, patients with a history of radiation therapy, pediatric patients, and in revision procedures. Advantages of the endoscopic technique include excellent visualization, the ability to evaluate the location and size of the rhinostomy site thoroughly, and the avoidance of a facial scar. Recent studies suggest that the success rates of EDCR are comparable to those achieved through traditional external dacryocystorhinostomy.