Prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the USA, has emerged as an important comorbidity in the rheumatic diseases. As disease-modifying therapies have resulted in better disease control and decreases in disease-associated mortality, it is now apparent that the prevalence of CVD and cardiovascular (CV) events is significantly increased in a number of rheumatic disorders when compared with age and gender-matched subjects from the general population. Investigations into the mechanisms of CVD in the general population have provided insights into potential mechanisms in rheumatic disease patients and possible aetiologies for their increased risk. Although there are no evidence-based guidelines for CV risk factor screening and interventions specific to patients with rheumatic disease, the best current approach utilizes evidence-based recommendations for the general population (and higher-risk subgroups) modified by what is known of CV risk factor and event prevalence in these patients.