Genome size, karyotype, meiosis and a novel extra chromosome in Torenia fournieri, T. baillonii and their hybrid.

Torenia is a suitable model plant to study plant fertilization because of its protruding embryo sac. However, information on the genomes and chromosomes of this species is limited. We determined the genome sizes of T. fournieri Linden and T. baillonii Godefr as 1.71 pg x 10(8) bp and 1.67 x 10(8) bp, respectively. The small genome size of these species suggests their superiority as the targets for molecular cloning studies. Furthermore, karyotypes of T. fournieri and T. baillonii were determined using FISH probed with 5S rDNA, 45S rDNA and species-specific centromere repetitive sequences. Although the two species have similar genome size, number of chromosomes, centromere repeats and 5S rDNA loci were varied. Observation of meiosis in the F(1) hybrid revealed that all chromosomes except one of T. fournieri paired well with the chromosomes of T. baillonii throughout the entire length of the chromosomes including species-specific centromeric regions. One exceptional chromosome of T. fournieri behaved as a univalent and was not always required for gametogenesis. The present results provide the basis for the molecular genetics in Torenia.