OBJECTIVE: Irritability is both a normal developmental phenomenon and a common psychiatric symptom in children. In psychiatric nosology, a distinction is made between chronic and episodic irritability. This study examines the validity of this distinction. METHODS: A sample of 776 youths received Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-based structured interviews at three time points. Questions regarding episodic and chronic irritability were used to create scales measuring these constructs; associations with age, gender, and diagnosis were examined. RESULTS: Episodic and chronic irritability differed in their associations with age. The longitudinal stability within irritability type was stronger than between types. In longitudinal analyses, chronic irritability at time 1 (mean age 13.8 +/- 2.6 years) predicted attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder at time 2 (mean age 16.2 +/- 2.8 years) and major depression at time 3 (mean age 22.1 +/- 2.7 years). Episodic irritability at time 1 predicted simple phobia and mania at time 2. CONCLUSIONS: Episodic and chronic irritability in adolescents appear to be stable, distinct constructs. Further research is needed to elucidate the longitudinal associations of each with specific psychiatric diagnoses.
OBJECTIVE:Irritability is both a normal developmental phenomenon and a common psychiatric symptom in children. In psychiatric nosology, a distinction is made between chronic and episodic irritability. This study examines the validity of this distinction. METHODS: A sample of 776 youths received Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-based structured interviews at three time points. Questions regarding episodic and chronic irritability were used to create scales measuring these constructs; associations with age, gender, and diagnosis were examined. RESULTS:Episodic and chronic irritability differed in their associations with age. The longitudinal stability within irritability type was stronger than between types. In longitudinal analyses, chronic irritability at time 1 (mean age 13.8 +/- 2.6 years) predicted attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder at time 2 (mean age 16.2 +/- 2.8 years) and major depression at time 3 (mean age 22.1 +/- 2.7 years). Episodic irritability at time 1 predicted simple phobia and mania at time 2. CONCLUSIONS:Episodic and chronic irritability in adolescents appear to be stable, distinct constructs. Further research is needed to elucidate the longitudinal associations of each with specific psychiatric diagnoses.
Authors: Robert R Althoff; Frank C Verhulst; David C Rettew; James J Hudziak; Jan van der Ende Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2010-11 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Leslie Miller; Stefanie A Hlastala; Laura Mufson; Ellen Leibenluft; Mark Riddle Journal: Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health Date: 2016-11-14
Authors: Daniel P Dickstein; Kenneth E Towbin; Jan Willem Van Der Veen; Brendan A Rich; Melissa A Brotman; Lisa Knopf; Laura Onelio; Daniel S Pine; Ellen Leibenluft Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Date: 2009-02 Impact factor: 2.576
Authors: Boris Birmaher; David Axelson; Benjamin Goldstein; Kelly Monk; Catherine Kalas; Mihaela Obreja; Mary Beth Hickey; Satish Iyengar; David Brent; Wael Shamseddeen; Rasim Diler; David Kupfer Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2010-01-15 Impact factor: 18.112