PURPOSE: To investigate whether diclofenac could be used in preemptive and multimodal fashion with local anesthesia (LA) during arthroscopic knee surgery. METHODS: A cohort of 628 patients (age range, 14 to 60 years) underwent outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery under LA with 15 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine. Diclofenac 1 mg/kg was administered immediately before the procedure was performed. Pain was intraoperatively assessed with a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients' and surgeons' satisfaction with the quality of anesthesia was estimated by a special questionnaire and VAS score. RESULTS: From the technical point of view, arthroscopic procedures were successfully completed in 98.2% of patients. Pain experienced during injection of lidocaine (VAS score: median, 2.9; mean, 3.4; standard deviation [SD], 3.2; range, 0 to 10) was more severe (P = .0001) than pain experienced during the surgical procedure itself (VAS score: median, 1.8; mean, 2.4; SD, 2.2; range, 0 to 5.2). Arthroscopy was well tolerated by most patients (98.5%), and only 1.4% of procedures had to be terminated prematurely because of patient discomfort. Almost 95.7% of patients reported that they would undergo the same procedure again under the same type of anesthesia. In 4.7% of patients, LA was not considered optimal by the performing surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic knee surgery with diclofenac and LA with no premedication is an efficient and well-tolerated method used in outpatient practice with no major adverse effects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
PURPOSE: To investigate whether diclofenac could be used in preemptive and multimodal fashion with local anesthesia (LA) during arthroscopic knee surgery. METHODS: A cohort of 628 patients (age range, 14 to 60 years) underwent outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery under LA with 15 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine. Diclofenac 1 mg/kg was administered immediately before the procedure was performed. Pain was intraoperatively assessed with a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients' and surgeons' satisfaction with the quality of anesthesia was estimated by a special questionnaire and VAS score. RESULTS: From the technical point of view, arthroscopic procedures were successfully completed in 98.2% of patients. Pain experienced during injection of lidocaine (VAS score: median, 2.9; mean, 3.4; standard deviation [SD], 3.2; range, 0 to 10) was more severe (P = .0001) than pain experienced during the surgical procedure itself (VAS score: median, 1.8; mean, 2.4; SD, 2.2; range, 0 to 5.2). Arthroscopy was well tolerated by most patients (98.5%), and only 1.4% of procedures had to be terminated prematurely because of patient discomfort. Almost 95.7% of patients reported that they would undergo the same procedure again under the same type of anesthesia. In 4.7% of patients, LA was not considered optimal by the performing surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic knee surgery with diclofenac and LA with no premedication is an efficient and well-tolerated method used in outpatient practice with no major adverse effects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Authors: Billy Kan-Yip Law; Patrick Shu-Hang Yung; Eric Po-Yan Ho; Joseph Jeremy Hsi-Tse Chang; Grace Ken Kwok; Kwai-Yau Fung; Kai-Ming Chan Journal: Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol Date: 2009-01-19