Pulmonary function assessment in an infant with Barnes syndrome: proactive evaluation for surgical intervention.

Our aim for this study was to report pulmonary mechanics in a neonate with a severe case of Barnes syndrome, a rare form of thoracolaryngopelvic dysplasia, and to use these data to guide ventilatory support and serve as a presurgical screening tool. A comprehensive pulmonary function evaluation was performed on a 36-day-old patient with Barnes syndrome who was being mechanically ventilated because of severe pulmonary distress secondary to thoracic dystrophy. The measurements consisted of respiratory volumes including functional residual capacity, ventilatory mechanics including compliance and resistance, and thoracoabdominal synchrony. Chest wall compliance was 64% below normal, and the thoracoabdominal motion was indicative of predominantly abdominal displacement during inspiratory breaths. The lungs were functioning at a low functional residual capacity, resulting in low lung compliance and increased pulmonary resistance. As a result of the evaluation, the patient was recommended for lateral thoracic expansion surgery and the ventilatory management was adjusted to focus on end-distending pressure support.