An unusual case of mediastinal mass due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Phaeohyphomycosis is a disease caused by dematiaceous fungi. Here, the first culture-proven case of mediastinal mass due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi is reported. The patient was a 40-yr-old male who had presented with history of dyspnoea and dysphagia. Computed tomography of the chest disclosed a mediastinal mass. Cultures of a specimen from the mediastinum grew Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The patient received amphotericin B and itraconazole and showed a remarkable recovery. Repeat computed tomography revealed a reduction in the mediastinal mass. The case highlights the need for a high degree of clinical suspicion and appropriate histopathological and mycological examination of clinical specimens.