Retrospective evaluation of a paediatric intensivist-led flexible bronchoscopy service.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the diagnostic yield, therapeutic role and safety of flexible bronchoscopy via an intensivist-led service in critically ill children.
DESIGN: Retrospective chart review.
SETTING: Regional paediatric intensive care unit. MEASUREMENTS AND
RESULTS: One hundred forty-eight flexible bronchoscopies were performed by two intensivists on 134 patients (median age 16.5 months) over a 2.5-year period. Eighty-eight percent of patients required mechanical ventilation, and 22% were receiving inotropes. Case mix included general (n = 77), cardiac surgery (n = 18), cardiology (n = 13), ear-nose-and-throat surgery (n = 17), oncology (n = 8) and renal (n = 1). The indication for bronchoscopy was defined a priori according to one of four categories: suspected upper airway disease (n = 32); lower airway disease (n = 70); investigation of pulmonary disease (n = 25); and extubation failure (n = 21). Bronchoscopy was generally performed soon after PICU admission, at a median time of 1.5 days for the former three categories, and 4 days for extubation failure group. A positive yield from bronchoscopy (diagnosis that explained the clinical condition or influenced patient management) was present in 113 of 148 (76%) procedures, varying within groups from 44% (pulmonary disease) to 90% (extubation failure). Ten percent of patients developed a fall in oxygen saturations > 20% during the procedure and 17% required a bolus of at least 10 ml/kg of 0.9% saline for hypotension.
CONCLUSIONS: Critically ill patients with respiratory problems may benefit from a PICU-led bronchoscopy service as the yield for positive bronchoscopic finding is high, particularly for upper airway problems or extubation failure.