Comparison between fatigue, sleep disturbance, and circadian rhythm in cancer inpatients and healthy volunteers: evaluation of diagnostic criteria for cancer-related fatigue.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether diagnostic criteria for cancer-related fatigue syndrome (CRFS) could be rigorously applied to cancer inpatients, and to explore the relationship between subjective fatigue and objective measures of physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm. Female cancer patients (n=25) and a comparison group of subjects without cancer (n=25) were studied. Study participants completed a structured interview for CRFS and questionnaires relating to fatigue, psychological symptoms, and quality of life (QoL). Wrist actigraphs worn for 72 hours were used as an objective measure of activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm. Compared to controls, cancer patients were more fatigued, had worse sleep quality, more disrupted circadian rhythms, lower daytime activity levels, and worse QoL. After exclusion of subjects with "probable" mood disorders, the prevalence of CRFS was 56%. Fatigue severity among the cancer patients was significantly correlated with low QoL, depression, constipation, and decreased self-reported physical functioning. It can be concluded that the diagnostic criteria for CRFS can be applied to cancer inpatients but strict application requires a rigorous assessment of psychiatric comorbidity. Despite cancer inpatients having greater impairments of sleep and circadian rhythm, it was found that fatigue severity did not appear to be related to these impairments.