Optimal segmentation of pupillometric images for estimating pupil shape parameters.

The problem of determining the pupil morphological parameters from pupillometric data is considered. These characteristics are of great interest for non-invasive early diagnosis of the central nervous system response to environmental stimuli of different nature, in subjects suffering some typical diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, drug and alcohol addiction. Pupil geometrical features such as diameter, area, centroid coordinates, are estimated by a procedure based on an image segmentation algorithm. It exploits the level set formulation of the variational problem related to the segmentation. A discrete set up of this problem that admits a unique optimal solution is proposed: an arbitrary initial curve is evolved towards the optimal segmentation boundary by a difference equation; therefore no numerical approximation schemes are needed, as required in the equivalent continuum formulation usually adopted in the relevant literature.