PURPOSE: To investigate changes in immune response genes following Toxoplasma gondii infection of Müller cells. METHODS: Human Müller cells were infected or mock infected with two strains of T. gondii (RH and Prugniaud). RNA and supernatants were collected from infected and uninfected cells at 2 and 24 h. RNA from the two time points were compared using a custom made DNA microarray. Real time PCR or human cytokine antibody array was used to confirm up-regulation of immune molecules. RESULTS: Gene expression in infected cells showed up-regulation of CCL2, IL-6, CXCL8, and CXCL2. CCL2 and CXCL2 gene expression was confirmed by real time PCR. IL-6 and CXCL8 protein production was confirmed by a cytokine antibody array. IL-4 production was observed by cytokine antibody array but not by DNA microarray. In contrast, infection with T. gondii did not induce interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and IL-12 expression, molecules conventionally associated with the inter-conversion of tachyzoite to bradyzoite. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that while in vitro infected Müller cells may be capable of inducing an immune response by attracting blood-borne leucocytes, they do not appear able to directly control the proliferation of T. gondii.
PURPOSE: To investigate changes in immune response genes following Toxoplasma gondii infection of Müller cells. METHODS:Human Müller cells were infected or mock infected with two strains of T. gondii (RH and Prugniaud). RNA and supernatants were collected from infected and uninfected cells at 2 and 24 h. RNA from the two time points were compared using a custom made DNA microarray. Real time PCR or human cytokine antibody array was used to confirm up-regulation of immune molecules. RESULTS: Gene expression in infected cells showed up-regulation of CCL2, IL-6, CXCL8, and CXCL2. CCL2 and CXCL2 gene expression was confirmed by real time PCR. IL-6 and CXCL8 protein production was confirmed by a cytokine antibody array. IL-4 production was observed by cytokine antibody array but not by DNA microarray. In contrast, infection with T. gondii did not induce interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and IL-12 expression, molecules conventionally associated with the inter-conversion of tachyzoite to bradyzoite. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that while in vitro infected Müller cells may be capable of inducing an immune response by attracting blood-borne leucocytes, they do not appear able to directly control the proliferation of T. gondii.
Authors: João M Furtado; Liam M Ashander; Kathleen Mohs; Timothy J Chipps; Binoy Appukuttan; Justine R Smith Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-02-21 Impact factor: 3.240
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Authors: Shin-Ichi Kano; Colin A Hodgkinson; Lorraine Jones-Brando; Sharon Eastwood; Koko Ishizuka; Minae Niwa; Eric Y Choi; Daniel J Chang; Yian Chen; Swetha D Velivela; Flora Leister; Joel Wood; Kodavali Chowdari; Francesca Ducci; Daniel A Caycedo; Elizabeth Heinz; Emily R Newman; Nicola Cascella; Preben B Mortensen; Peter P Zandi; Faith Dickerson; Vishwajit Nimgaonkar; David Goldman; Paul J Harrison; Robert H Yolken; Akira Sawa Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2018-08-20 Impact factor: 15.992
Authors: Helen M McGettrick; Emily Smith; Andrew Filer; Stephen Kissane; Michael Salmon; Christopher D Buckley; G Ed Rainger; Gerard B Nash Journal: Eur J Immunol Date: 2009-01 Impact factor: 5.532