Hemodynamic management of septic shock.

Septic shock is characterized by profound cardiovascular alterations, including hypovolemia, severe alterations in vascular tone, and myocardial depression. These effects can lead to tissue hypoperfusion, the persistence of which could contribute to multiple organ failure. In addition, regional blood flow alterations and microvascular blood flow alterations may coexist and persist even after whole body hemodynamic alterations are corrected. Early aggressive interventions to improve oxygen delivery have been shown to improve outcome, but ongoing hemodynamic support is often required. This review will examine the hemodynamic management of patients with septic shock.