[Wilms tumor].

Wilms tumor is the most frequent malignancy of the urogenital tract in children. Its treatment gives an excellent example of the efficacy of multimodal therapeutic strategies in oncological diseases. In particular, the performance of international, randomized multicenter studies has led to a continuous increase in disease-free survival among the affected patients in recent decades, thanks to increasingly detailed stratification of individual elements of the therapy. The pediatric urologist has a definite place in interdisciplinary teams treating Wilms tumor, being needed for the operative component of the treatment. For further improvement of the prognosis in this disease and to reduce the comorbidity caused by the treatment, the major challenge for pediatric urologists in coming years will be to make the surgery less traumatic and thus also to reduce the incidence and severity of perioperative complications.