Carboplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin for patients with poor-risk germ cell tumors.

A prospective study of four cycles of carboplatin (CBDCA) + etoposide + bleomycin (EBC) was conducted in 32 previously poor-risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (GCT) patients and the results compared with past studies. Patients with extragonadal (nine patients) and testicular nonseminomatous GCT with a probability of complete response (CR) less than 0.5 as calculated by a mathematical model using marker values and number of metastatic sites (23 patients) were included. Nineteen patients (59%) achieved a CR and 14 complete responders (43%) remain free of disease. The overall and durable CR proportions were similar to those observed in prior poor-risk studies at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Myelosuppression was the major toxicity. Based on the low CR proportion, EBC is no better than other standard programs for poor-risk GCT. However, its ease of administration as an outpatient, mild renal and gastrointestinal toxicity, and efficacy comparable to cisplatin-based chemotherapy used in prior poor-risk trials at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center warrant a Phase III trial comparing CBDCA-based and cisplatin-based chemotherapy for good-risk GCT patients.