The Drosophila community in xerophytic vegetations of the upper Parana-Paraguay river basin.

The genus Drosophila is the most abundant in the Drosophilidae family. Some species are endemic to certain regions and others are cosmopolitans. In Brazil, there are several ecosystems to explore regarding the composition and ecological aspects of Drosophila. Xerophytic areas are an example. They can be found in the South and Southeast of Brazil as islands, a result of paleoclimatic cycle changes. The aim of the present work is to provide information about the composition of the Drosophila community in eight xerophytic areas (where the cactus Cereus hildmaniannus occurs) in the South and Southeast of Brazil. This work is an important step in the study of quantitative ecological aspects of the Drosophila community in xerophytic areas that form continental islands in the Neotropical region. The composition of the Drosophila community which was found is compatible with previous work in several aspects. The ecological indexes showed a possible positive association between diversity and the degree of preservation of the studied areas. São Paulo state communities presented the highest similarity among the sites tested, although no statistical significant correlation between the Jaccard index and geographical distance was found using the Mantel test.