Tacrolimus as a reinforcement therapy for a patient with MPO-ANCA-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

A 67-year-old woman, suffering from continuous hemoptysis, was admitted to our hospital where she was managed with mechanical ventilation. Computed tomography of the chest demonstrated bilateral massive alveolar hemorrhage without evidence of infectious disease. She was diagnosed with anti-myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage because a high titer of MPO-ANCA was found in the serum. Plasmapheresis as well as methylprednisolone pulse therapy were initiated, followed by intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide. Tacrolimus was employed for the maintenance therapy, and the oral prednisolone dosage could successfully be tapered without recurrence, along with the decrement of the titer of MPO-ANCA.