Control of type I collagen genes in scleroderma and normal fibroblasts.

Increased gene transcription is a mechanism responsible for the exaggerated accumulation of type I and III collagens in scleroderma and other fibrotic syndromes. We review recent studies on the mechanisms that control transcription of the alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2 (I) collagen genes. Several specific DNA binding proteins have been identified which either activate or inhibit transcription of these genes. It is probable that the complexity of transcription factors that control the type I collagen genes corresponds to a multiplicity of cytokines and other hormonal effectors, which influence the expression of these genes by binding to specific receptors and by activating intracellular signaling pathways.