BACKGROUND: Allergy to a plant food can either result from direct sensitization to that food or from primary sensitization to pollen, latex, or another food. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the primary sensitizers in apple allergy across Europe, the individual allergens involved, and whether these differences determine the clinical presentation. METHODS: Patients (n = 389) with positive case histories and skin prick test responses to fresh apple were selected in the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, and Spain. Skin prick tests and RASTs to a panel of pollens and plant foods were performed, as well as RASTs to Bet v 1 and the apple allergens Mal d 1, 2, 3, and 4. RESULTS: In the Netherlands, Austria, and Italy apple allergy is mild (>90% isolated oral symptoms) and related to birch pollinosis and sensitization to Bet v 1 and its apple homologue, Mal d 1, which has an odds ratio of local reactions of 2.85 (95% CI, 1.47-5.55). In Spain apple allergy is severe (>35% systemic reactions) and related to peach allergy and sensitization to Mal d 3 (nonspecific lipid transfer protein), which has an odds ratio of systemic reactions of 7.76 (95% CI, 3.87-15.56). CONCLUSION: The analysis of individual apple allergens in a clinical context has provided insight into the sensitization pathway and into the intrinsic risk an allergen bears to induce mild or severe food allergy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Information on the sensitization pathway is essential to develop preventive strategies in food allergy. The application of individual food allergens with a known intrinsic risk will improve the prognostic value of diagnostic tests.
BACKGROUND:Allergy to a plant food can either result from direct sensitization to that food or from primary sensitization to pollen, latex, or another food. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the primary sensitizers in appleallergy across Europe, the individual allergens involved, and whether these differences determine the clinical presentation. METHODS:Patients (n = 389) with positive case histories and skin prick test responses to fresh apple were selected in the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, and Spain. Skin prick tests and RASTs to a panel of pollens and plant foods were performed, as well as RASTs to Bet v 1 and the apple allergens Mal d 1, 2, 3, and 4. RESULTS: In the Netherlands, Austria, and Italy appleallergy is mild (>90% isolated oral symptoms) and related to birch pollinosis and sensitization to Bet v 1 and its apple homologue, Mal d 1, which has an odds ratio of local reactions of 2.85 (95% CI, 1.47-5.55). In Spain appleallergy is severe (>35% systemic reactions) and related to peachallergy and sensitization to Mal d 3 (nonspecific lipid transfer protein), which has an odds ratio of systemic reactions of 7.76 (95% CI, 3.87-15.56). CONCLUSION: The analysis of individual apple allergens in a clinical context has provided insight into the sensitization pathway and into the intrinsic risk an allergen bears to induce mild or severe food allergy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Information on the sensitization pathway is essential to develop preventive strategies in food allergy. The application of individual food allergens with a known intrinsic risk will improve the prognostic value of diagnostic tests.
Authors: Margaretha A Faber; Ine I Decuyper; Athina L Van Gasse; Vito Sabato; Margo M Hagendorens; Didier G Ebo Journal: Curr Allergy Asthma Rep Date: 2018-10-25 Impact factor: 4.806