Intra-aortic balloon pump therapy--a primer for perioperative nurses.

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a commonly used circulatory-assist device that increases myocardial oxygen supply and reduces myocardial oxygen demand, thus improving left ventricular function. The inflation and deflation pattern of the IABP is the opposite of the heart's rhythm. As the heart rests, the balloon inflates, displacing blood volume into the coronary sinus and systemic circulation. The balloon deflates just before ventricular ejection, decreasing the pressure that the ventricle must eject against. This article describes indications and contraindications for use of the IABP, insertion and timing of the device, and troubleshooting measures for common malfunctions.