Long-term aerobic cometabolism of a chlorinated solvent mixture by vinyl chloride-, methane- and propane-utilizing biomasses.

The aerobic cometabolic biodegradation of a mixture of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) including vinyl chloride (VC), cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE, trans-DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA) and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA) was investigated at both 25 and 17 degrees C by means of bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented sediment-groundwater slurry microcosm tests. The goals of the study were (i) to study the long-term aerobic biodegradation of a CAH mixture including a high-chlorinated solvent (1,1,2,2-TeCA) generally considered non-biodegradable in aerobic conditions; (ii) to investigate the efficacy of bioaugmentation with two types of internal inocula obtained from the indigenous biomass of the studied site; (iii) to identify the CAH-degrading bacteria. VC, methane and propane were utilized as growth substrates. The non-bioaugmented microcosms were characterized, at 25 degrees C, by an average 18-day lag-time for the direct metabolism of VC (accompanied by the cometabolism of cis- and trans-DCE) and by long lag-times (36-264 days) for the onset of methane or propane utilization (associated with the cometabolism of the remaining CAHs). In the inoculated microcosms the lag-phases for the onset of growth substrate utilization and CAH cometabolism were significantly shorter (0-15 days at 25 degrees C). Biodegradation of the 6-CAH mixture was successfully continued for up to 410 days. The low-chlorinated solvents were characterized by higher depletion rates. The composition of the microbial consortium of a propane-utilizing microcosm was determined by 16s rDNA sequencing and phylotype analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that documents the long-term aerobic biodegradation of 1,1,2,2-TeCA.