Interallelic class switch recombination can reverse allelic exclusion and allow trans-complementation of an IgH locus switching defect.

The predominant path of immunoglobulin class switch recombination follows the paradigm of intra-chromosomal deletion enabling expression of another heavy chain instead of micro and delta. This was, however, challenged by observations of inter-allelic class switch recombination in rabbit or mouse IgG3- or IgA-producing B cells. Assuming that the conditions of inter-chromosomal exchange are likely present at any target S regions in stimulated B cells, we explored trans-association of VH and C genes in a model allowing all C genes to be checked simultaneously. Heterozygous mutant mice are thus studied, which carry one non-functional IgH allele inactivated by a non-translatable mutation of VDJ-CH transcripts, while the functional allele is deficient for class switching due to a truncated 3'regulatory region. A fair level of switching to all Ig classes is restored in heterozygous mice despite the fact that cis-recombination is either non productive on one allele or deficient on the other. Molecular evidence at the DNA level of trans-CSR to IgG3 was demonstrated by cloning and sequencing Smu-Sgamma3 hybrid junctions. These data demonstrate that inter-allelic recombination may broadly rescue the production of various class-switched isotypes and allow complementation between mutations located at both ends of the IgH constant gene cluster.