Are early grammatical and phonological working memory abilities affected by preterm birth?

UNLABELLED: There have been few investigations of the effects of very immature preterm birth on specific linguistic competencies and phonological working memory at preschool age. Study 1 aimed to investigate early grammatical abilities in very immature healthy preterms, taking into account their cognitive development and biological and social factors. The linguistic and cognitive differences found between preterms and fullterms led to investigate in Study 2 the role of phonological working memory on preterms' grammatical development. Very immature preterm birth resulted to affect grammatical, cognitive and phonological working memory abilities until 3.5 years leading to persisting difficulties in comparison with fullterms, albeit not severe deficits. Tight relations between phonological working memory and grammar were found both in preterms and fullterms, that highlights the reciprocal support of these abilities in development. A partial compensatory effect by the maternal level of education on preterms' grammatical and cognitive abilities was also found. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The reader will become familiar with the relations between grammatical and phonological working memory abilities in typical and preterm 3.5-year-old children.