OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relative factors and prognostic impact for angiographic no-reflow phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: A total of 930 patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI were divided into no-reflow group and normal-reflow group. Factors related to no-reflow were analyzed by logistic regression model and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in-hospital as well as during long-term follow-up was also observed. RESULTS: No-reflow occurred in 82 out of 930 patients. Admission glucose level (9.8 +/- 4.3 mmol/L vs. 8.5 +/- 3.5 mmol/L, P = 0.001), peak CK-MB value (369.4 +/- 167.8 U/L vs. 282.3 +/- 161.7 U/L, P < 0.01) and percentage of TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram (69.5% vs. 54.5%, P = 0.009) were significantly higher and pre-infarction angina (19.5% vs. 48.1%, P < 0.01) was significantly lower in no-flow patients than normal flow patients. Logistic regression analyses showed that admission glucose level, absence of pre-infarction angina, TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram and pump failure were independent predictors of no reflow. In-hospital MACE (37.8% vs. 11.3%, P < 0.01) and follow-up MACE (37.5% vs. 17.4%, P < 0.01) were also significantly higher in no-flow patients than normal flow patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that no-reflow was an independent predictor of long-term cardiac death (relative risk 3.83, 95% confidence interval 1.71 to 5.57). CONCLUSION: Admission glucose level, absence of pre-infarction angina, TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram and pump failure were independent risk factors for no-reflow and no-flow is an independent predictor for increased in-hospital and follow-up MACE.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relative factors and prognostic impact for angiographic no-reflow phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: A total of 930 patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI were divided into no-reflow group and normal-reflow group. Factors related to no-reflow were analyzed by logistic regression model and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in-hospital as well as during long-term follow-up was also observed. RESULTS: No-reflow occurred in 82 out of 930 patients. Admission glucose level (9.8 +/- 4.3 mmol/L vs. 8.5 +/- 3.5 mmol/L, P = 0.001), peak CK-MB value (369.4 +/- 167.8 U/L vs. 282.3 +/- 161.7 U/L, P < 0.01) and percentage of TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram (69.5% vs. 54.5%, P = 0.009) were significantly higher and pre-infarction angina (19.5% vs. 48.1%, P < 0.01) was significantly lower in no-flow patients than normal flow patients. Logistic regression analyses showed that admission glucose level, absence of pre-infarction angina, TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram and pump failure were independent predictors of no reflow. In-hospital MACE (37.8% vs. 11.3%, P < 0.01) and follow-up MACE (37.5% vs. 17.4%, P < 0.01) were also significantly higher in no-flow patients than normal flow patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that no-reflow was an independent predictor of long-term cardiac death (relative risk 3.83, 95% confidence interval 1.71 to 5.57). CONCLUSION: Admission glucose level, absence of pre-infarction angina, TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram and pump failure were independent risk factors for no-reflow and no-flow is an independent predictor for increased in-hospital and follow-up MACE.