Cloning technologies for protein expression and purification.

Detailed knowledge of the biochemistry and structure of individual proteins is fundamental to biomedical research. To further our understanding, however, proteins need to be purified in sufficient quantities, usually from recombinant sources. Although the sequences of genomes are now produced in automated factories purified proteins are not, because their behavior is much more variable. The construction of plasmids and viruses to overexpress proteins for their purification is often tedious. Alternatives to traditional methods that are faster, easier and more flexible are needed and are becoming available.