OBJECTIVE: Excess iodide has been administered to hyperthyroid patients before thyroid surgery to reduce intraoperative bleeding and oozing. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which iodide reduces blood flow in the hypervascular thyroid gland. DESIGN: Human thyroid follicles were cultured in the presence or absence of thyrotropin (TSH), or in medium containing various concentrations of iodide, and TSH-or iodide-regulated gene expression was analyzed by cDNA microarray. MAIN OUTCOME: TSH stimulated the expression of thyroglobulin, peroxidase, sodium iodide symporter, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PGF) but decreased that of VEGF-C by half. When thyroid follicles were cultured in high-iodide (10(5) M) medium, TSH-induced expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PGF was decreased, accompanied by a reduction of VEGF-A release into the medium. Furthermore, expression of putative angiogenesis inhibitors such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) was increased. These findings were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Northern blot hybridization. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated for the first time that iodide at high concentration decreases the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PGF, accompanied by an increase in the expression of possible antiangiogenic factors such as PLAU. These proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors may at least partly account for the iodide-induced decrease in thyroid blood flow.
OBJECTIVE: Excess iodide has been administered to hyperthyroidpatients before thyroid surgery to reduce intraoperative bleeding and oozing. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which iodide reduces blood flow in the hypervascular thyroid gland. DESIGN:Human thyroid follicles were cultured in the presence or absence of thyrotropin (TSH), or in medium containing various concentrations of iodide, and TSH-or iodide-regulated gene expression was analyzed by cDNA microarray. MAIN OUTCOME: TSH stimulated the expression of thyroglobulin, peroxidase, sodium iodide symporter, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PGF) but decreased that of VEGF-C by half. When thyroid follicles were cultured in high-iodide (10(5) M) medium, TSH-induced expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PGF was decreased, accompanied by a reduction of VEGF-A release into the medium. Furthermore, expression of putative angiogenesis inhibitors such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) was increased. These findings were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Northern blot hybridization. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated for the first time that iodide at high concentration decreases the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PGF, accompanied by an increase in the expression of possible antiangiogenic factors such as PLAU. These proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors may at least partly account for the iodide-induced decrease in thyroid blood flow.
Authors: Eleonora Porcu; Marco Medici; Giorgio Pistis; Claudia B Volpato; Scott G Wilson; Anne R Cappola; Steffan D Bos; Joris Deelen; Martin den Heijer; Rachel M Freathy; Jari Lahti; Chunyu Liu; Lorna M Lopez; Ilja M Nolte; Jeffrey R O'Connell; Toshiko Tanaka; Stella Trompet; Alice Arnold; Stefania Bandinelli; Marian Beekman; Stefan Böhringer; Suzanne J Brown; Brendan M Buckley; Clara Camaschella; Anton J M de Craen; Gail Davies; Marieke C H de Visser; Ian Ford; Tom Forsen; Timothy M Frayling; Laura Fugazzola; Martin Gögele; Andrew T Hattersley; Ad R Hermus; Albert Hofman; Jeanine J Houwing-Duistermaat; Richard A Jensen; Eero Kajantie; Margreet Kloppenburg; Ee M Lim; Corrado Masciullo; Stefano Mariotti; Cosetta Minelli; Braxton D Mitchell; Ramaiah Nagaraja; Romana T Netea-Maier; Aarno Palotie; Luca Persani; Maria G Piras; Bruce M Psaty; Katri Räikkönen; J Brent Richards; Fernando Rivadeneira; Cinzia Sala; Mona M Sabra; Naveed Sattar; Beverley M Shields; Nicole Soranzo; John M Starr; David J Stott; Fred C G J Sweep; Gianluca Usala; Melanie M van der Klauw; Diana van Heemst; Alies van Mullem; Sita H Vermeulen; W Edward Visser; John P Walsh; Rudi G J Westendorp; Elisabeth Widen; Guangju Zhai; Francesco Cucca; Ian J Deary; Johan G Eriksson; Luigi Ferrucci; Caroline S Fox; J Wouter Jukema; Lambertus A Kiemeney; Peter P Pramstaller; David Schlessinger; Alan R Shuldiner; Eline P Slagboom; André G Uitterlinden; Bijay Vaidya; Theo J Visser; Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel; Ingrid Meulenbelt; Jerome I Rotter; Tim D Spector; Andrew A Hicks; Daniela Toniolo; Serena Sanna; Robin P Peeters; Silvia Naitza Journal: PLoS Genet Date: 2013-02-07 Impact factor: 5.917