Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in a patient with tuberculosis--an association?

We report a case of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) and associated pulmonary tuberculosis in a young girl who presented with hemoptysis. As intra-arterial coil embolization did not result in improvement of symptoms, surgical resection of the PAVM was performed, resulting in dramatic clinical improvement. Histopathology revealed a large PAVM, and in addition, caseous necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis. This case is being reported since the association of large PAVM and tuberculosis is very rare, and both could present with hemoptysis.