Optimal production of poly-gamma-glutamic acid by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli.

Metabolically-engineered Escherichia coli strains were developed by cloning poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) biosynthesis genes, consisting of pgsB, pgsC and pgsA, from Bacillus subtilis The metabolic and regulatory pathways of gamma-PGA biosynthesis in E. coli were analyzed by DNA microarray. The inducible trc promoter and a constitutive promoter (P(HCE)) derived from the D-amino acid aminotransferase (D-AAT) gene of Geobacillus toebii were employed. The constitutive HCE promoter was more efficient than inducible trc promoter for the expression of gamma-PGA biosynthesis genes. DNA microarray analysis showed that the expression levels of several NtrC family genes, glnA, glnK, glnG, yhdX, yhdY, yhdZ, amtB, nac, argT and cbl were up-regulated and sucA, B, C, D genes were down-regulated. When (NH(4))(2)SO(4 )was added at 40 g/l into the feeding solution, the final gamma-PGA concentration reached 3.7 g/l in the fed-batch culture of recombinant E. coli/pCOpgs.