Taking and the disruption of cooperation.

Subjects could either cooperate or respond on a lower-paying individual task. In Exp. I and II, either subject could make a response that took $1.00 of the other's earnings whenever subjects chose to cooperate. The two experiments differed as to whether taking responses were effective continuously or intermittently. Both experiments showed that the opportunity to take disrupted cooperative behavior. Experiment III indicated that if taking was possible regardless of whether the subjects cooperated or responded on the individual task, subjects either cooperated or terminated the experiment.