Diverse signals converge at MAPK cascades in plant.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important signal transducing enzymes that connects diverse receptors/sensors to a wide range of cellular responses in mammals, yeasts and plants. In recent years, a large number of different components of plant MAPK cascades were isolated. Molecular and biochemical studies have revealed that plant MAPKs play important role in the response to a broad variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, including wounding, pathogen infection, temperature, drought, salinity, but also in the signaling of plant hormones and the cell division. This review briefly summaries the recent research results about the cross-talk and complexity of MAP kinase cascades in plant obtained from functional analyses.