Benzodiazepine problems.

Benzodiazepines present problems related to both unwanted and withdrawal effects. Dosage adjustments usually obviate unwanted effects except for paradoxical reactions such as hostility. Patients with apparent benzodiazepine dependence need careful assessment with respect to personality, social situation and psychiatric disorder. The patient must be motivated and carefully prepared for withdrawal and taught anxiety management techniques. Withdrawal must always be gradual over at least 6 weeks but very prolonged schedules are counter-productive. Substituting a long-acting for a medium-acting benzodiazepine may be helpful in the more intractable cases. An antidepressant may be needed if a depressive disorder supervenes, but other adjunctive therapies are usually unhelpful.