Periodic limb movement disorder in children.

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) has been reported in children and is more prevalent in certain conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Group has recently developed the criteria for diagnosis of PLMD in children. These criteria include both specific clinical features and polysomnographic findings. Exclusion of other causes especially sleep-disordered breathing is essential. Several medications including benzodiazepine and dopaminergic medication have been used in children, although these medications have not been adequately studied in this age group. Some PLMD children have evidence of low iron storage and response favorably to iron therapy.