P Vestergaard1, L Rejnmark, L Mosekilde. 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. p-vest@post4.tele.dk
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of morphine and opiates on fracture risk. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Nationwide register-based study. SUBJECTS: Cases were all subjects with any fracture sustained during the year 2000 (n = 124,655). For each case, three controls (n = 373,962) matched on age and gender were randomly drawn from the background population. The primary exposure variables were use of morphine and opiates. Morphine and other opiates had been used by 10 015 (8.0%) of the case subjects and 12 108 (3.2%) of the controls. Adjustments were made for several confounders including prior fracture, and use of weak analgesics [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and acetaminophene]. The effect of dose was examined by stratifying for cumulated dose (defined daily dose). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fracture. RESULTS: Morphine (1.47, 95% CI 1.37-1.58), fentanyl (2.23, 95% CI 1.89-2.64), methadone (1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.83), oxycodone (1.36, 95% CI 1.08-1.69), nicomorphine (1.57, 95% CI 1.38-1.78), ketobemidone (1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13), tramadol (1.54, 95% CI 1.49-1.58) and codeine (1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.20) were all associated with an increase in overall fracture risk. No increase was present for buprenorphine (0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.95), pethidine (0.98, 95% CI 0.89-1.08), dextropropoxiphene (1.02, 95% CI 0.90-1.16), and combinations of ASA and codeine (0.94, 95% CI 0.88-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: An increased fracture risk is seen in users of morphine and opiates. The reason for this may be related to the risk of falls due to central nervous system effects such as dizziness.
OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of morphine and opiates on fracture risk. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Nationwide register-based study. SUBJECTS: Cases were all subjects with any fracture sustained during the year 2000 (n = 124,655). For each case, three controls (n = 373,962) matched on age and gender were randomly drawn from the background population. The primary exposure variables were use of morphine and opiates. Morphine and other opiates had been used by 10 015 (8.0%) of the case subjects and 12 108 (3.2%) of the controls. Adjustments were made for several confounders including prior fracture, and use of weak analgesics [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and acetaminophene]. The effect of dose was examined by stratifying for cumulated dose (defined daily dose). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fracture. RESULTS:Morphine (1.47, 95% CI 1.37-1.58), fentanyl (2.23, 95% CI 1.89-2.64), methadone (1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.83), oxycodone (1.36, 95% CI 1.08-1.69), nicomorphine (1.57, 95% CI 1.38-1.78), ketobemidone (1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13), tramadol (1.54, 95% CI 1.49-1.58) and codeine (1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.20) were all associated with an increase in overall fracture risk. No increase was present for buprenorphine (0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.95), pethidine (0.98, 95% CI 0.89-1.08), dextropropoxiphene (1.02, 95% CI 0.90-1.16), and combinations of ASA and codeine (0.94, 95% CI 0.88-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: An increased fracture risk is seen in users of morphine and opiates. The reason for this may be related to the risk of falls due to central nervous system effects such as dizziness.
Authors: Vivian K Kawai; Carlos G Grijalva; Patrick G Arbogast; Jeffrey R Curtis; Daniel H Solomon; Elizabeth Delzell; Lang Chen; Rita Ouellet-Hellstrom; Lisa Herrinton; Liyan Liu; Edward F Mitchel; C Michael Stein; Marie R Griffin Journal: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) Date: 2011-10 Impact factor: 4.794
Authors: A Agustí; E Pagès; A Cuxart; E Ballarín; X Vidal; J Teixidor; J Tomás; M M Villar; J-R Laporte Journal: Eur J Clin Pharmacol Date: 2012-04-15 Impact factor: 2.953
Authors: M Cary Reid; David A Bennett; Wen G Chen; Basil A Eldadah; John T Farrar; Bruce Ferrell; Rollin M Gallagher; Joseph T Hanlon; Keela Herr; Susan D Horn; Charles E Inturrisi; Salma Lemtouni; Yu Woody Lin; Kaleb Michaud; R Sean Morrison; Tuhina Neogi; Linda L Porter; Daniel H Solomon; Michael Von Korff; Karen Weiss; James Witter; Kevin L Zacharoff Journal: Pain Med Date: 2011-08-11 Impact factor: 3.750
Authors: Cassidy Vuong; Stan H M Van Uum; Laura E O'Dell; Kabirullah Lutfy; Theodore C Friedman Journal: Endocr Rev Date: 2009-11-10 Impact factor: 19.871