Incidence, prevalence, treatment and cost of end-stage renal disease in Indonesia.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) has significantly increased in developing countries such as Indonesia. Chronic glomerulonephritis is still the leading cause of ESRD, while the numbers of diabetes mellitus patients have significantly risen. Data presented in this article were obtained from various nephrology centers in response to the specific questionnaires distributed by Indonesian Society Nephrology (InaSN). These data give the impression that both incidence and prevalence rates in various areas of Java and Bali are increasing over time, although the rates presented here are far lower than expected. Hemodialysis is available in most parts of the country. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and renal transplantation programs have been performed in few nephrology centers. Costs for dialysis and renal transplantation are still unaffordable for most ESRD patients. Since the cost burden has significantly increased, nephrology services should be changed from curative to the preventive medicine. Currently InaSN plans to have a detection and prevention program for chronic kidney disease.