Liver disease and osteoporosis.

Metabolic bone disease (osteodystrophy) is an important complication of patients with chronic liver disease; its etiology is complex and multifactorial. Osteodystrophy is manifested as osteopenia/osteoporosis. Osteoporosis can predispose patients to bone fractures, increasing morbidity and mortality, especially after liver transplantation. Early evaluation, screening, and treatment of bone disorders in patients with liver disease are essential to minimize fracture risk and to improve clinical outcome and quality of life.