OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of carbamezapine and valproate on bone mineral density (BMD), IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in children. METHODS: The effects of at least 2 years valproic acid and carbamazepine therapy on BMD were evaluated in a cross-sectional and retrospective study. All children were ambulatory, prepubertal, and had normal activity and nutritionally adequate diets. Ambulatory epileptic patients were divided into two groups. Thirty-three patients (group 1; 17 boys, 16 girls; mean age: 8.8 +/- 2.0 years) were treated with valproic acid and 33 patients were treated with carbamazepine (group 2; 20 boys, 13 girls; mean age: 9.7 +/- 1.6 years). The control group consisted of 22 healthy children (13 boys, 9 girls; mean age: 8.9 +/- 2.3 years), who were age- and sex-matched with the patient groups. Children with metabolic bone disease, growth and neurological impairment, signs of malnutrition, or any chronic disease were excluded from the study. RESULTS: BMD values at lumbar spine in both the carbamazepine (-1.69 +/- 0.85 mean L1-4 BMD z-scores, mean 35.5 +/- 12.8 months treatment, and 19,478.6 +/- 6,301.3 mg/kg cumulative dose) and valproic acid (-1.28 +/- 0.80 mean L1-4 BMD z-scores, mean 33.7 +/- 15.0 months treatment, and 22,852.4 +/- 12,477.4 mg/kg cumulative dose) groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (-0.23 +/- 0.87 mean L1-4 BMD z-score). Serum ALP and PTH levels were significantly higher in the carbamazepine-treated group (65.4 +/- 21.1 pg/ml, 767 +/- 267 U/l, respectively) than those of the valproic acid-treated (39.1 +/- 12.8 pg/ml, 561 +/- 166 U/l, respectively) and control groups (36.3 +/- 4.9 pg/ml, 487 +/- 82 U/l, respectively). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of the carbamazepine-treated group (9.8 +/- 3.2 microg/l) was significantly lower than the other groups (15.1 +/- 3.5, 16.6 +/- 4.7 microg/l, respectively). There were eight and 13 patients with plasma intact PTH above reference values in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Valproic acid and carbamazepine therapy results in a hyperparathyroid state and altered vitamin D metabolism, respectively. CONCLUSION: BMD values at lumbar spine were significantly reduced in both carbamezapine and valproic acid treated groups. Valproic acid and carbamazepine therapy do not change IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. Altering the hepatic conversion of vitamin D may be the mechanism of carbamazepine-associated reduction in BMD, but the mechanism of decreased BMD in valproate therapy remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of carbamezapine and valproate on bone mineral density (BMD), IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in children. METHODS: The effects of at least 2 years valproic acid and carbamazepine therapy on BMD were evaluated in a cross-sectional and retrospective study. All children were ambulatory, prepubertal, and had normal activity and nutritionally adequate diets. Ambulatory epilepticpatients were divided into two groups. Thirty-three patients (group 1; 17 boys, 16 girls; mean age: 8.8 +/- 2.0 years) were treated with valproic acid and 33 patients were treated with carbamazepine (group 2; 20 boys, 13 girls; mean age: 9.7 +/- 1.6 years). The control group consisted of 22 healthy children (13 boys, 9 girls; mean age: 8.9 +/- 2.3 years), who were age- and sex-matched with the patient groups. Children with metabolic bone disease, growth and neurological impairment, signs of malnutrition, or any chronic disease were excluded from the study. RESULTS: BMD values at lumbar spine in both the carbamazepine (-1.69 +/- 0.85 mean L1-4 BMD z-scores, mean 35.5 +/- 12.8 months treatment, and 19,478.6 +/- 6,301.3 mg/kg cumulative dose) and valproic acid (-1.28 +/- 0.80 mean L1-4 BMD z-scores, mean 33.7 +/- 15.0 months treatment, and 22,852.4 +/- 12,477.4 mg/kg cumulative dose) groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (-0.23 +/- 0.87 mean L1-4 BMD z-score). Serum ALP and PTH levels were significantly higher in the carbamazepine-treated group (65.4 +/- 21.1 pg/ml, 767 +/- 267 U/l, respectively) than those of the valproic acid-treated (39.1 +/- 12.8 pg/ml, 561 +/- 166 U/l, respectively) and control groups (36.3 +/- 4.9 pg/ml, 487 +/- 82 U/l, respectively). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of the carbamazepine-treated group (9.8 +/- 3.2 microg/l) was significantly lower than the other groups (15.1 +/- 3.5, 16.6 +/- 4.7 microg/l, respectively). There were eight and 13 patients with plasma intact PTH above reference values in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Valproic acid and carbamazepine therapy results in a hyperparathyroid state and altered vitamin D metabolism, respectively. CONCLUSION: BMD values at lumbar spine were significantly reduced in both carbamezapine and valproic acid treated groups. Valproic acid and carbamazepine therapy do not change IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. Altering the hepatic conversion of vitamin D may be the mechanism of carbamazepine-associated reduction in BMD, but the mechanism of decreased BMD in valproate therapy remains unclear.
Authors: Meghan E McGee-Lawrence; Angela L McCleary-Wheeler; Frank J Secreto; David F Razidlo; Minzhi Zhang; Bridget A Stensgard; Xiaodong Li; Gary S Stein; Jane B Lian; Jennifer J Westendorf Journal: Bone Date: 2011-01-19 Impact factor: 4.398
Authors: Martha Blank; Narelle E McGregor; Lynn Rowley; Louise H W Kung; Blessing Crimeen-Irwin; Ingrid J Poulton; Emma C Walker; Jonathan H Gooi; Shireen R Lamandé; Natalie A Sims; John F Bateman Journal: J Cell Mol Med Date: 2022-06-14 Impact factor: 5.295
Authors: Mary L Hediger; Lucinda J England; Cynthia A Molloy; Kai F Yu; Patricia Manning-Courtney; James L Mills Journal: J Autism Dev Disord Date: 2008-05
Authors: Kathryn J Swoboda; Charles B Scott; Sandra P Reyna; Thomas W Prior; Bernard LaSalle; Susan L Sorenson; Janine Wood; Gyula Acsadi; Thomas O Crawford; John T Kissel; Kristin J Krosschell; Guy D'Anjou; Mark B Bromberg; Mary K Schroth; Gary M Chan; Bakri Elsheikh; Louise R Simard Journal: PLoS One Date: 2009-05-14 Impact factor: 3.240